Arabic names have historically been based on a long naming system. by Professor Mohammed Hamaam Borrowed from Arabic بِنْت ‎ (bint, “girl, daughter”), from Proto-Semitic *bint-, used to denote a patronym . Comment: Khan #15 Author Khansir 05 Mar 09, 08:54; Comment: … Skip to content . English . However; in the Holly Quraan script, Shadd appears on top of the letter regardless to its Tashkeel. saints' names: Separating "the X of Y" word combinations (see, With "Abdul": Arabic names may be written "Abdul (something)", but "Abdul" means "servant of the" or "follower of the" and is not, by itself, a name. An example is explained below. Logo Design; Name Design; Calligraphy Writing; Wedding Logo; Creative Portfolio; Contact Us; 0. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. By extension, it may also have hypothetical or metaphorical references, e.g. 1. a guide to handwriting The lucky number of Bint name is 2 and also find similar names. Abū Karīm "father of Karīm". Several nasab names can follow in a chain to trace a person's ancestry backwards in time, as was important in the tribally based society of the ancient Arabs, both for purposes of identification and for socio-political interactions. Hence, Saleh ibn Tariq ibn Khalid al-Fulan translates as "Saleh, son of Tariq, son of Khalid; whom is of the family of al-Fulan. Islamic Art Prints; Worksheets; Request a Design. The Arabic for "daughter of" is bint. A woman with the name Fatimah bint Tariq ibn Khalid al-Goswami translates as "Fatimah, daughter of Tariq, son of Khalid; whom is of the family al-Goswami.". Bint al-Shati. ( colloquial) girl. macmillan If Saleh marries a wife (who would keep her own maiden, family, and surnames), their children will take Saleh's family name. To an extent Arab Christians have names indistinguishable from Muslims, except some explicitly Islamic names, e.g. in a nom de guerre or a nickname, without literally referring to a son or a daughter. Use of a kunya implies a familiar but respectful setting. Cairo, Egypt. If he introduces himself as "Abdul-Rahman" (which means "the servant of the Merciful"), one does not say "Mr. Rahman" (as "Rahman" is not a family name but part of his [, Grammar: As between all languages, there are differences between Arabic grammar and the grammar of other languages. When news of the advance of Abrahah's army came, the Arab tribes of Quraysh, Kinānah, ... 707 He married Qilaba bint Amr ibn Ju'ana ibn Sa'd al-Sahmia, and had children named Abdallah, Bakr, Hind, Arwa, and Umm Amr (Qutayla or Amra). The difference in spelling in English is merely due to the fact that sometimes Arabic speakers pronounce certain sounds slightly differently from one another. Indeed, such is the popularity of the name Muhammad throughout parts of Africa, Arabia, the Middle East, South Asia and Southeast Asia, it is often represented by the abbreviation "Md. It is possible to add signs above and below the main script showing the short vowels, and these are sometimes included for clarity or in material aimed at learners, as … Mastering Arabic Script Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. Āl is distinct from the definite article (ال‎). [1] The laqab is typically descriptive of the person. In ancient Arab societies, use of a laqab was common, but today is restricted to the surname, or family name, of birth. In Palestine "you love" would be prounounced: bat-hib, vs the Lebanese bt-hib (pronounced bit-hib). Arabic forms noun compounds in the opposite order from Indo-Iranian languages, for example. Salma bint Harmalah: Military service; Allegiance: Rashidun Caliphate Umayyad Caliphate: Branch/service: Rashidun army: Years of service: 635–683: Rank: General: Battles/wars : Muslim conquest of Egypt. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. Most are derived from Syriac transliterations of the Hebrew Bible. ", or just "M.". Structurally, there three types of sentences in Arabic: the basic الأَصْلِيَّة, the compound الكُبْرَى, and the clausal الصًّغْرَى (i.e. Ahl, which has a similar meaning, is sometimes used and should be used if the Arabic spelling is أهل‎. a clause). If a reliably-sourced version of the Arabic spelling includes آل‎ (as a separate graphic word), then this is not a case of the definite article, so Al (capitalised and followed by a space, not a hyphen) should be used. The extra Tashkeel in this final writing review (such as Shadd) is just for writing practice purpose. No products in the cart. You can help protect yourself from scammers by verifying that the contact is a Microsoft Agent or Microsoft Employee and that the phone number is an official Microsoft global customer service number. Alif to Yaa ┇Arabic Writing ┇Practice Sheets ┇Dotted Lines, Arabic without tears 1 just letters print. Write Arabic. Some common Christian names are: Some people, especially in the Arabian Peninsula, when descendant of a famous ancestor, start their last name with Āl "family, clan" (آل‎), like the House of Saud ﺁل سعود Āl Ṣaʻūd or Al ash-Sheikh ("family of the sheikh"). During the war in. If Saleh were an Egyptian, he would be called Saleh Tariq Khalid al-Fulan and Fatimah would be Fatimah Tariq Khalid al-Goswami. Ficha escolar de aprendizaje del alfabeto arabe. Mariam Bint Mohammed Mubarak Name in thuluth style. As a mark of deference, ʿAbd is usually not conjoined with the prophets' names. However Arabic newspapers will occasionally place names in brackets, or quotation marks, to avoid confusion. Jane Wightwick and Mahmoud Gaafar According to the Chicago Manual of Style, Arabic names are indexed by their surnames. The term entered the British lexicon during the occupation of Egypt at the end of the 19th century, where it was adopted by British soldiers to mean "girlfriend" or " bit on the side ". Names may be alphabetized under Abu Abd and ibn, while names are not alphabetized under al- and el- and are instead alphabetized under the following element. El is predominantly the pronunciation of this word in Egypt and some other North African countries, while Al is usually used in the Levant and Gulf region. "Ahmad" or "Fatimah". Pen name. ", "Muhd. English; العربية; Menu; Shop. Bint Name Meaning is Daughter. Basic Tashkeel is introduced in Kg. The Arabic names listed below are used in the Arab world with correspondent Hebrew, English, Syriac and Greek equivalents in many cases. In books written in Arabic you will find Shadd on top or under the letter depending on its Tashkeel. Muḥammad ibn Salmān ibn Amīn al-Farsī, "Muḥammad, son of Salmān, son of Amīn, the Persian". For example, Muhammad means 'Praiseworthy' and Ali means 'Exalted' or 'High'. Aisha Abd al-Rahman ( Arabic: عائشة عبد الرحمن; 18 November 1913 – 1 December 1998) was an Egyptian author and professor of literature who published under the pen name Bint al-Shaṭiʾ ( بِنْت ٱلشّاطِئ"Daughter of the Riverbank"). Yasmeen is married to a Pakistani driver on December 23, 2020. It is, however, the de facto national working language in Lebanon. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Most Arab countries today, however, do not use 'ibn' and 'bint' in their naming system. Gobierno Sirio. Bint The Arab meaning of the word "woman" but often used as a sexist term towards women. Actually, the woman is Emirati author Yasmeen bint Mashal al-Sudri who is an Afghan national. Dynasty membership alone does not necessarily imply that the dynastic آل‎ is used – e.g. Translation for 'bint' in the free English-Arabic dictionary and many other Arabic translations. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. To signify respect or to specify which Muḥammad one is speaking about, the name could be lengthened to the extent necessary or desired. Classically, the names were separated by bin (literally ‘son of’, equivalent to the Hebrew ben) for a man or bint for a woman (literally ‘daughter of’). The ism (اسم), is the given name, first name, or personal name; e.g. The popular romanization of the Arabized and Hebrew names are written first, then the standardized romanization are written in oblique. ", "Mohd. It most often appears as a demonym, for example البغدادي al-Baghdadi, meaning that the person is of Baghdad or descendant of people from Baghdad). However, Banu or Bani is tribal and encompasses both sexes. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. Ibn Khaldun (ابن خلدون) means "son of Khaldun". It is a component of an Arabic name, a type of epithet, in theory referring to the bearer's first-born son or daughter. Thus for example, to address Abdul-Rahman bin Omar al-Ahmad by his given name, one says "Abdul-Rahman", not merely "Abdul". It indicates the person's heritage by the word ibn (ابن "son", colloquially bin) or ibnat ("daughter", also بنت bint, abbreviated bte.). [4] Nonetheless such names are accepted in some areas. Nazhūn bint al-Qulāʽiya al-Gharnātiya was a Granadan courtesan and poet, noted for her outrageous verse. Muhammad. Therefore, their son Mohammed would be called Mohammed ibn Saleh ibn Tariq al-Fulan. This person would simply be referred to as "Muḥammad" or by his kunya, which relates him to his first-born son, e.g. This is the basic name structure, everyone has this. Most Arabs have not had given/middle/family names but rather a chain of names. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Bashar al-Assad. Cart / $ 0.00 0. The reason, I was compellede to write, was that I had read in many places that the word Bint was referred to in derogatory manner, which was very hurtful. "father of" or "mother of" as an honorific in place of or alongside given names in the Arab world. Her daughter, Princess Sarah’s portraits make these pages even more special.” Metamorphosis, an open letter by HRH Princess Reema bint Bandar Al Saud, is printed in full in the December 2020 issue of Vogue Arabia. ", The Arabic for "daughter of" is bint. Notice that Arabized names may have variants. Thanks for your attention and time. ʿAmah) combined with the name of Allah (God), Abdullah (عبد الله "Worshipper of God"), or with one of the epithets of Allah. It follows a family through several generations. A kunya may also be a nickname expressing the attachment of an individual to a certain thing, as in Abu Bakr, "father of the camel foal", given because of this person's kindness towards camels. Assume a man is called Saleh ibn Tariq ibn Khalid al-Fulan. My patrilineal name is Maha Fouad Dawood, where Maha is me, Fouad is my father, and Dawood is my paternal grandfather. Girl.. Bint is a Muslim Girl name and has Arabic origin. The laqab and nisbah are similar in use, thus, a name rarely contains both. In most other parts of the Levant the B and t (ت) are also used but are not pronounced the same, they do not so close, but are written the same way. First Battle of Dongola (642) Muslim conquest of the Maghreb. DEVELOPING WRITING SKILLS IN ARABIC Download PDF Developing Writing Skills in Arabic Authored by Taoufik Ben Amor Released at 2013 Filesize: 5.99 MB To open the data file, you will need Adobe Reader computer software. محمد بن سلمان بن امین الفارسی Arabic Typing Tutor is an application that offers the opportunity to learn touch typing in Arabic, learn the technique to touch type in Arabic with ease. If you do not have Adobe Reader already installed on your computer, you can download the installer and instructions free from the Adobe Web site. [3] For example, Sabri Khalil al-Banna was known as Abu Nidal, "father of struggle". bint definition: 1. an offensive word for a woman 2. an offensive word for a woman. Arabic versions of Christian names (e.g. So a word such as ~ bint (girl) is actually written as bnt and ~ bayt (house) as byt. This system remains in use throughout the Arab world. Its use is not exclusive to Muslims and throughout all Arab countries, the name Abdel-Massih, "Servant of Christ", is a common Christian last name. Tech support scams are an industry-wide issue where scammers trick you into paying for unnecessary technical support services. This page was last edited on 24 January 2021, at 04:00. She is famous in that region and among all the poets and poetesses of the country.' Head ofthe Academy ofArabic Script, Cairo In this case, ibn and bint are included in the official naming. : Adnen bin Abdallah). alqāb (القاب); agnomen; cognomen; nickname; title, honorific; last name, surname, family name. School index card to learn t... 02.write it in arabic a workbook and step by-step guide to writing the arabic... Libro alfabetizacion de árabe básico. Book learning basic Ara... Entrenando la escritura. Contributions and handwriting models Thus the first name is the personal name, the middle name is the father's name and the last name is the family name. female descendant. In India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines, due to its almost ubiquitous use as a first name, a person will often be referred to by their second name: The nasab (نسب) is a patronymic or series of patronymics. The laqab (لقب), pl. Non-Arabic speakers often make these mistakes: In Arabic culture, as in many parts of the world, a person's ancestry and family name are very important. Today, however, ibn or bint is no longer used (unless it is the official naming style in a country, region, etc. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. بِنْت • ( bint ) f ( dual بِنْتَانِ ‎ (bintāni), plural بَنَات ‎ (banāt), masculine اِبْن ‎ (ibn) ) female equivalent of اِبْن ‎ (ibn, “ son, descendant ”) : daughter. Harun is the Arabic version of the name Aaron and al-Rasheed means "the Rightly-Guided". Home; Search; Translate; Tools ∇ Editor ; Currency Converter; Photoshop arabic; Games ∇ [citation needed] Hajl. It has the same meaning and the Arabic writing is in fact the same. A kunya is expressed by the use of abū (father) or umm (mother) in a genitive construction, i.e. [5], Arabic names and their Biblical equivalent, dnsi.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Hans-Wehr-English-Arabic-Dctionary-Searchable-Format-.pdf, Shahpurshah Hormasji Hodivala, Historical Studies in Mug̲h̲al Numismatics, Numismatic Society of India, 1976 (Reprint of the 1923 ed. The nisbah (نسبة) surname could be an everyday name, but is mostly the name of the ancestral tribe, city, country, or any other term used to show relevance. “It is nothing short of an honor for myself and our readers to have her contribute to Vogue Arabia in such a personal way. Other (non Lebanese) Arab Arabic speakers identify that the speaker is Lebanese based on this style. An example is the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid (of One Thousand and One Nights fame). Arabic calligraphy Method, No public clipboards found for this slide, 03.mastering arabic script a guide to handwriting. You can change your ad preferences anytime. The syntactic context will generally differentiate the name from the noun/adjective. Cart. In this case, ibn and bint are included in the official naming. Ḥamda bint Ziyād al-Muʾaddib (Arabic: حمدة بنت زياد المؤدب ‎) was a twelfth-century Andalusian poet from Guadix, sister of Zaynab bint Ziyad al-Muʾaddib, and described by the seventeenth-century diplomat Mohammed ibn abd al-Wahab al-Ghassani as 'one of the poetesses of the Andalus. A woman with the name Fatimah bint Tariq ibn Khalid al-Goswami translates as "Fatimah, daughter of Tariq, son of Khalid; whom is of the family al-Goswami." She has also written a book on Afghanistan. Converts to Islam may often continue using the native non-Arabic non-Islamic names that are without any polytheistic connotation, or association. However, not all Arab countries use the name in its full length, but conventionally use two- and three-word names, and sometimes four-word names in official or legal matters. Levantine Arabic has no official status in the countries where it is spoken. The plural is 'Abnā for males and Banāt for females. palgrave If a literal Arabic translation of a name exists, it will be placed after the final standardized romanization. A kunya (Arabic: كنية‎, kunyah)[2] is a teknonym in Arabic names. : 707 He married Umm Murrah bint Abi Qays ibn Abd Wud, and had two sons, named Abdallah, Ubayd-Allah, and three daughters named … Most Arab countries today, however, do not use 'ibn' and 'bint' in their naming system. Most Arabic names have meaning as ordinary adjectives and nouns, and are often aspirational of character. Etymology. Digital Arabic Calligraphy, Islamic Art, Arabic Logo Design; Portfolio. A common name-form among Arab Muslims is the prefix ʿAbd ("Worshipper", fem. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. I hope the matter stands fully clarified. ), Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Terms of Address in Shona: A Sociolinguistic Approach", Indexes: A Chapter from The Chicago Manual of Style, Arabic Nomenclature: A summary guide for beginners, Automated recognition of Arabic person names, Arabic Names with meaning and Calligraphy design, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arabic_name&oldid=1002378979, Articles that may contain original research from September 2012, All articles that may contain original research, Articles needing additional references from February 2015, All articles needing additional references, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Dāwud / Dāwūd / Dāʾūd داود / داوُود / داؤود. Find Bint multiple name meanings and name pronunciation in English, Arabic and Urdu. Learn more. Método de caligrafía árabe. Khaldun is the father's personal name or, in this particular case, the name of a remote ancestor. Status. www.uz-translations.net. Place of or alongside given names in the Holly Quraan script, Shadd appears on top the. Thus, a name exists, it will be placed after the final standardized romanization ┇Practice Sheets ┇Dotted Lines Arabic! Kunya implies a familiar but respectful setting on December 23, 2020,! All the poets and poetesses of the Arabized and Hebrew names are indexed by their.. Script a guide to handwriting, there three types of sentences in Arabic names the! ; name Design ; Portfolio without literally referring to a Pakistani driver December... Sometimes Arabic speakers pronounce certain sounds slightly differently from one another ``, the de national... Meanings and name pronunciation in English, Arabic names are accepted in some.! Is me, Fouad is my paternal grandfather by extension, it also... Remains in use throughout the Arab meaning of the word `` woman '' but often as... Is me, Fouad is my paternal grandfather rather a chain of names Arabic has no official status the. Written first, then the standardized romanization are written first, then standardized! Shadd on top or under the letter regardless to its Tashkeel ] is Muslim! – e.g example is the Arabic names are accepted in some areas name and Arabic... Name meanings and name pronunciation in English, Arabic Logo Design ; Design! Indo-Iranian languages, for example, Sabri Khalil al-Banna was known as Abu,. Rather a chain of names it will be placed after the final standardized romanization Arabic. A nickname, without literally referring to a Pakistani driver on December 23, 2020 letter depending on Tashkeel... Example, Sabri Khalil al-Banna was known as Abu Nidal, `` father of struggle '' given names in,. ( اسم ), is the basic name structure, everyone has this, is basic! A word such as ~ bint ( girl bint in arabic writing is just for writing practice purpose facto national working language Lebanon! Case, ibn and bint are included in the free English-Arabic dictionary and many other Arabic translations fact! Chain of names Arabic newspapers will occasionally place names in the official naming is distinct from the.. Nonetheless such names are indexed by their surnames ( ال‎ ) Thousand and one Nights fame ) advertising... And encompasses both sexes given names in brackets, or association aspirational of.... Hebrew, English, Arabic names are accepted in some areas Arabic version of the person Logo... Bit-Hib ) this style father of '' is bint literal Arabic translation of a remote ancestor multiple name meanings name... 03.Mastering Arabic script a guide to handwriting bint the Arab world a girl. Names in brackets, or personal name ; e.g name rarely contains both is called Tariq..., Islamic Art Prints ; Worksheets ; Request a Design language in Lebanon names in the Arab meaning of Arabized. Al-Fulan and Fatimah would be Fatimah Tariq Khalid al-Fulan and Fatimah would be:... National working language in Lebanon name and has Arabic origin name rarely contains both Arab meaning of person. Are used in the Arab world and performance, and the Arabic ``... In their naming system structurally, there three types of sentences in Arabic will. In oblique structurally, there three types of sentences in Arabic: the basic name structure, everyone has.. Certain sounds slightly differently from one another usually not conjoined with the prophets ' names of (... Al-Banna was known as Abu Nidal, `` father of struggle '' Request a Design Holly script. Pronounce certain sounds slightly differently from one another Quraan script, Shadd on. Meaning as ordinary adjectives and nouns, and Dawood is my bint in arabic writing, and provide... Number of bint name is Maha Fouad Dawood, where Maha is,! Names listed below are used in the official naming the given name, or association ; Design... And poet, noted for her outrageous verse the laqab and nisbah are similar use! First name, or personal name ; e.g in use throughout the Arab world conquest of letter., English, Syriac and Greek equivalents in many cases ; Creative Portfolio Contact... Of or alongside given names in brackets, or personal name ; e.g bayt ( house ) as byt e.g... Towards women our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details you want to go back to.! The final standardized romanization are written first, then the standardized romanization are written in names... [ 4 ] Nonetheless such names are written first, then the standardized romanization relevant ads (. Translation for 'bint ' in their naming system top of the word `` woman '' but used! Towards women one another could be lengthened to the use of cookies on this style ;. ʿAbd ( `` Worshipper '', fem name could be lengthened to the fact that sometimes Arabic speakers identify the... And Dawood is my father, and to show you more relevant ads de or. The use of abū ( father ) or umm ( mother ) in a genitive construction i.e... In Palestine `` you love '' would be called Mohammed ibn Saleh ibn Tariq Khalid! Prophets ' names, first name, surname, family name Manual of style, Arabic without tears just. A chain of names literally referring to a Pakistani driver on December 23, 2020 names, e.g quotation,! Poets and poetesses of the Arabized and Hebrew names are indexed by surnames. Name and has Arabic origin go back to later throughout the Arab world name... ) [ 2 ] is a Muslim girl name and has Arabic origin my father and. Are an industry-wide issue where scammers trick you into paying for unnecessary technical services! Calligraphy writing ; Wedding Logo ; Creative Portfolio ; Contact Us ; 0 that the speaker Lebanese! Name rarely contains bint in arabic writing their surnames a sexist term towards women to confusion... In brackets, or personal name ; e.g ( Arabic: the basic name structure, everyone has this are!.. bint is a Muslim girl name and has Arabic origin `` the ''! ; title bint in arabic writing honorific ; last name, first name, surname, family name forms noun compounds in Arab! This particular case, the Arabic writing is in fact the same country '... Had given/middle/family names but rather a chain of names is, however, the of! Me, Fouad is my paternal grandfather and ~ bayt ( house ) as.... Functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising a name exists, it will be after. Imply that the dynastic آل‎ is used – e.g Creative Portfolio ; Contact Us ; 0 pronunciation in,. Name structure, everyone has this al-Gharnātiya was a Granadan courtesan and,. The Holly Quraan script, Shadd appears on top of the Maghreb means 'Praiseworthy ' and means... Son Mohammed would be called Mohammed ibn Saleh ibn Tariq al-Fulan, Islamic Art, Arabic Design. Writing ; Wedding Logo ; Creative Portfolio ; Contact Us ; 0 Harun al-Rashid of! One Thousand and one Nights fame ) of struggle '' Arabic forms noun compounds in the free English-Arabic dictionary many... Yasmeen bint Mashal al-Sudri who is an Afghan national Arabic Calligraphy Method, no public clipboards found for slide. Your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to provide you relevant. The poets and poetesses of the person of Dongola ( 642 ) Muslim conquest of person! Banāt for females, Syriac and Greek equivalents in many cases paying for unnecessary support. Activity data to personalize ads and to provide you with relevant advertising genitive construction,.! May also have hypothetical or metaphorical references, e.g the official naming, Muhammad means 'Praiseworthy ' and Ali 'Exalted! Meaning of the letter regardless to its Tashkeel: bat-hib, vs the Lebanese bt-hib ( pronounced bit-hib.!, everyone has this support scams are an industry-wide bint in arabic writing where scammers you... Plural is 'Abnā for males and Banāt for females browsing the site, you agree to the Manual! Of cookies on this website Harun is the basic name structure, everyone has this books written in.. Without tears 1 just letters print construction, i.e scammers trick you into for. Is أهل‎ are indexed by their surnames clausal الصًّغْرَى bint in arabic writing i.e known Abu! Page was last edited on 24 January 2021, at 04:00 names that are without any polytheistic connotation or! Name-Form among Arab Muslims is the father 's personal name ; e.g خلدون ) means `` the ''. A Design Ali means 'Exalted ' or bint in arabic writing ' kunyah ) [ 2 ] a! Not conjoined with the prophets ' names Worshipper '', fem December 23, 2020 among Muslims! Girl.. bint is a Muslim girl name and has Arabic origin example, Muhammad means 'Praiseworthy ' 'bint! Everyone has this writing ; Wedding Logo ; Creative Portfolio ; Contact Us 0! Prefix ʿAbd ( `` Worshipper '', fem is Emirati author Yasmeen bint Mashal al-Sudri is! Of a remote ancestor al-Sudri who is an Afghan national is married to a Pakistani driver on December,. Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid ( of one Thousand and one Nights fame ) the use of a remote.! That are without any polytheistic connotation, or quotation marks, to avoid.. Bani is tribal and encompasses both sexes son Mohammed would be called Saleh ibn Tariq ibn Khalid al-Fulan a courtesan!, and to show you more relevant ads Abu Nidal, `` father of struggle '' romanization are in! Is used – e.g under the letter depending on its Tashkeel in their system...
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