Our Secondary English PGCE is run by a team of committed, passionate and experienced staff who offer a diverse range of expertise and a genuine conviction that our approach to teacher education is the best way to develop outstanding teachers. Read Nicola's full profile SUSP has developed an innovative Secondary English PGCE programme that is designed to provide new entrants to the teaching profession with confidence in their subject knowledge and in their understanding of how to teach it. For further information on career options and employability, including the results of the Destination of Leavers survey, student and employer testimonials and details of work experience and study abroad opportunities, please view our department web pages. Students who have successfully completed the PGCE at Durham in the previous academic year have the option to use 90 credits they have accredited towards a part time MA Education. We are a large department, with around 50 academic staff, and around 650 postgraduate students (including our PGCE students, both primary and secondary). Who is this course for? Trainees are encouraged to foster their own and their students' creativity through an enthusiastic commitment to adventurousness, exploration and systematic hard work within and beyond the classroom. Trainees are also encouraged to develop an attitude of critical enquiry and see themselves as teachers who research their classrooms so that they make informed choices in all that they do. This Secondary English with Drama course will train you to teach 11 to 16-year-olds and, by arrangement, can also give you additional experience in the post-16 age group. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Teaching and Learning in the Curriculum and Self-directed Study are studied at Masters Level. The English PGCE introduces students to the broad scope of English as a curriculum subject, including media and drama, across the secondary age range. At the beginning of your second placement, you’ll carry on teaching about 50% of an average teacher’s timetable. Other options include Arts, Culture and Education or Critical Approaches to Children's Literature. Gain the knowledge and skills to be a fully qualified English teacher on this PGCE Secondary course at the University of Southampton. Degree requirements: Bachelors degree with second-class lower division. By the end of the course it is hoped that trainees will be critical inquirers into their own practice, clear about the place of English within the school curriculum and the wider community. Nicola has spent 13 years working as an English teacher abroad, in Secondary Schools, in FE and Adult Education. All enquiries will be treated in confidence. Sessions will usually include work on: Sessions will embrace a number of themes which do not appear under separate headings: mixed ability classes, drafting, managing group work, IT, knowledge about language, gender and multicultural issues. Our one-year, full-time Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) Secondary English programme will equip you with the skills, experience and knowledge you need to teach English to pupils aged between 11 and 16 – plus the option of additional experience of A-Level English teaching. It prepares you to teach 11 to 16-year-olds and, by arrangement, can prepare you for post-16 teaching. How is the PGCE English (QTS) taught? Trainees reflect critically on their experiences as learners and teachers in regular meetings with their subject mentors in schools and develop a rationale for their classroom practice. Towards the end of the placement, you might be given the opportunity to take on additional teaching, up to 75% of a teacher’s timetable. Further information for EU students can be found on our dedicated EU page. In November 2019 she began the role as a full time lecturer for the BCU Secondary English PGCE course. Anne Denmead is the Route Leader for English (Secondary) PGCE and School Direct Training. All applicants are asked to state clearly why they wish to train to teach English and why they are interested in the course's commitment to inclusion and equality of opportunity. Read more Our course has recently been inspected by Ofsted which resulted in an “Outstanding” grading for all aspects of our provision. The PGCE Secondary is a course in Initial Teacher Training which is accredited by the DfE, the successful completion of which will accord you Qualified Teacher Status (QTS). PGCE (Secondary): Standard Programme. Science with Biology, Chemistry or Physics. The latter is carried out by the Disclosure and Barring Service and full instructions on how to apply will be provided. The teaching is related to those classroom-based issues such as the psychology of learning, the law, curriculum groups, examining techniques for making each subject accessible and stimulating in a classroom environment and is followed up in subject groups and during school placements The block practices in the Autumn and Spring allow for practical opportunities for full professional development where there is a progression from observation, structured activities and group work to whole class work. Please note: 2020-21 courses may be affected by Covid-19 and are therefore subject to change due to the ongoing impact of Covid-19. Study our PGCE Secondary English at the Institute of Education and benefit from award-winning tutors and consistently high employment rates. The PGCE Secondary is a course in Initial Teacher Training which is accredited by the DfE, the successful completion of which will accord you Qualified Teacher Status (QTS). You will learn about adolescent’s development through the Secondary sector and be supported to become an excellent teacher. You can read about the experiences of past and present PGCE English trainees on the Cambridge English PGCE Blog. You will each have a designated teacher mentor who will guide your work in schools. The tuition fees shown are for one complete academic year of full time study, are set according to the academic year of entry, and remain the same throughout the duration of the programme for that cohort (unless otherwise stated). For English, there will be a range of shorter pieces of writing also required, addressing the nature of the subject, your own subject knowledge and its development, and creative writing. The English course is for people wishing to train as secondary teachers of English 11-18 who have a strong interest in learning to teach all aspects of the subject including literature, language, literacy, media and drama. The Post Graduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) is the most widely recognised UK post graduate award and is transferable. Search for our courses on the .gov website:  University of Cambridge (C05). English PGCE applicants are expected to have a good degree in English (2:2 or above) or a related subject. Your degree should have a … The PGCE Secondary is the first phase of a career-long process of personal and professional development, which will equip you to become a secondary school teacher. The course covers all aspects of the National Curriculum for English including speaking and listening, reading and writing; drama; language study; literature from different historical periods, cultures and traditions; non-literary texts; media and moving image texts; the use of information and communication technology. Her experience in secondary education began as an NQT in English and ended as a Head of Department, a position she … Work undertaken in schools will consist of structured observation, planning and teaching, and research activities. Otherwise, we'll assume you're OK to continue. Twice a year, the group meets to share and perform creative pieces that trainees have either written or made themselves or produced with their students in school. All applicants to the Secondary PGDipEd (QTS) English course must hold a degree from a UK Higher Education Institution (or have an equivalent qualification). Please note: interviews for all 2021 PGCE programmes will be conducted online and recorded. Over the course, you will be based in one of our Partnership schools where you will have the opportunity to develop your skills in a teaching background. Why study the PGCE English course? Our course has recently been inspected by Ofsted which resulted in an “Outstanding” grading for all aspects of our provision. The PGCE in Secondary English will allow you to become a qualified teacher in just one year. Throughout the course, trainees study different methods of assessment and how they support classroom learning, lesson planning and teaching. The Secondary PGCE programme is designed to provide you with a deep understanding of how children and adolescents learn, and equip you with the skills and knowledge needed to develop as a creative and innovative teacher. In seminars and workshops, the integral relationship between educational theory and teaching methodology is explored. Some students follow the Researching Practice route from the selection available within the MEd courses, designed especially for early career teachers. This one year course blends theoretical knowledge with carefully supervised teaching experience. PGCE (Secondary): Drama; PGCE (Secondary): Art & Design; PGCE (Secondary): Design & Technology; PGCE (Secondary): English; PGCE (Secondary): Science Education: Biology, Chemistry or Physics; PGCE (Secondary): Media Studies with English; PGCE (Secondary): Modern Languages; PGCE (Secondary): English; Open social sharing Most of our graduates go on to work as English teachers in secondary schools. At least half your degree should be in English. Both in the Faculty and in schools, trainees are encouraged to explore a wide range of creative and systematic approaches to teaching and learning. Candidates who meet the criteria, will be invited to a selection day. You’ll divide your time between school placements and the University as you develop the theory and techniques to teach the subject to all secondary school pupils. It is accepted, across the UK and internationally, as an assurance that the candidate has achieved the high standard expected for entry to the teaching profession. Summaries of course-specific changes resulting from the impact of Covid-19 will be provided to applicants during August 2020. The course is vibrant and participatory and includes taught seminars, active workshops and … Of the two Master’s level assignments, one (the Self-directed Study) is orientated towards English as a subject, whilst the other (the Teaching and Learning assignment) is more generic. In addition to covering Teacher standards these modules will enable assessment work to be carried out for the award of PGCE. UCAS code: 2BT6 'A word after a word after a word is power' - Margaret Atwood. Along with practical knowledge, it offers perspectives on the role of language in learning, the teaching of literacies and literature, the principles of syllabus design and evaluation, and assessment and recording. The course is organised as three modules: The Professional Issues in School Based Education relates to the Teacher Standards and is delivered in two parts, prior to each of the two extended teaching practices. If you have a criminal record of any kind, you may contact the School of Education DBS Manager, Caroline Emery, for further advice and information. Students who have successfully completed the PGCE at Durham in the previous academic year have the option … After a teaching career spanning 36 years, Anita joined the PGCE Secondary Team at the University of Worcester as an Assistant Lecturer in 2017. We are committed to research which engages with, and has an impact upon, practice and policy as well as influencing the wider research community to develop educational practice, education policy and future educational research. Ranked joint 5th in the UK for World-Leading research and joint 1st for World-Leading research impact in REF 2014. requirements for your subject and level of study, Student Complaints and Non-Academic Misconduct, provide you with the necessary knowledge, understanding and skills needed to become an effective and innovative teacher of English, extend your awareness of the range and scope of English as a subject in schools today, provide opportunities for you to experience and explore a variety of approaches to teaching the subject, allow you to develop an appreciation of your own strengths and weaknesses, Professional Issues in school based education, The English teacher, The National Curriculum and literacy strategy, Classroom management and English teaching, The equivalent of a UK 2:2 honours degree of which approximately 50% is comprised of English or a closely related subject. The partnership works with input and support from the London Boroughs of Barking & Dagenham, Newham, Tower Hamlets, Hackney, Waltham Forest and Redbridge. Trainees learn a variety of teaching methods including whole class teaching, structured group work and individual or pair work. For the latest information on our plans for teaching in academic year 2020/21 in light of Covid-19, please see www.durham.ac.uk/coronavirus. Our PGCE Secondary English is fully compliant with Department for Education (DfE) requirements, so you can expect to spend a minimum of 120 days in two contrasting schools giving you the essential experiences you need to pass the course and to prepare you for future employment as a teacher. www.durham.ac.uk/international/office/meetus. Please note, all DBS Enhanced Disclosures for our Students must be applied for through Durham University unless you have applied to the Update Service. This will normally be a minimum 2:2 classification and this will be a condition of any offer where the degree has not already been awarded. Additional requirement information. The Self-directed Study module draws on students’ experience during weekly visits to schools and their own small scale action research, and links this to critical engagement with published educational research. Our full-time PGCE Secondary English course spans from the beginning of September to the beginning of July. You can change your cookie settings at any time. You'll gain experience in a wide variety of schools including primary and special schools. The Secondary PGCE programme is designed to provide you with a deep understanding of how children and adolescents learn, and equip you with the skills and knowledge needed to develop as a creative and innovative teacher. They will be well-equipped to become active members of English departments, keen to contribute to departmental policy and learn from colleagues and eager to take on subject leadership responsibilities in due course. Subject-specific requirements: You will need: a strong knowledge and understanding of English literature and language, and a sound awareness of how the subject is currently taught within Secondary state schools; You can read about the experiences of past and present PGCE English trainees on the Cambridge English PGCE Blog. This Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) Secondary English course leads to the award of Qualified Teacher Status (QTS), qualifying you to teach the 11-18 age group in secondary schools in England and Wales. You’ll learn the principles of effective English teaching and how to … The BGU Secondary English PGCE is run by tutors who relish the opportunity to work with the next generation of English teachers. Nicola has spent 13 years working as an English teacher abroad, in Secondary Schools, in FE and Adult Education. Each placement provides a sustained teaching … Read Nicola's full profile assignment( level 3) related to this module will focus on curriculum design. Please also check costs for colleges and accommodation. The Secondary English PGCE pathway at UWTSD is an exciting and innovative programme, fully committed to preparing student teachers to be highly effective in supporting young people in the development of essential language and communication skills as well as a love of great literature. Selection days will involve individual interviews with a pre-prepared presentation element and tests to assess written English and other skills. The course also addresses areas of enrichment such as extra-curricular activities, museum and gallery education and learning in out-of-school contexts such as the nearby botanic garden and other sites of local historical interest. View tabs; View full page; Overview; Entry requirements; Application and selection; Course details; Careers; Coronavirus information for applicants and offer-holders. The course therefore provides a stimulating introduction to current theory and practice in the teaching of English. It will equip you to become an outstanding secondary school teacher. PGCE (full-time) UK students (per annum): £9,250. The Teaching and Learning in the Curriculum Module draws on the international research expertise within the School of Education enabling student teachers to engage critically in issues relevant to the classroom and school, particularly those that impact on the success of children as learners. Successful candidates will receive an offer conditional upon successful medical and criminal record checks. There is an emphasis on encouraging trainees' own creativity in producing poetry, short stories, plays and videos. International, including EU, students (per annum): £20,000. English Secondary Education PGCE will qualify you to teach English at Secondary level in any state-maintained school in England and Wales. This course is ideal for those who have studied English or a related discipline. If you are offered an interview, it will also enable you to draw on first-hand experience when talking about your views of English teaching. The principal course assignments, at Master’s level, aim to relate theory and practice, and to show evidence of your background reading. In order that your personal statement is fully informed by your knowledge of English teaching in contemporary classrooms, ensure that you spend at least one week observing in a non-selective state maintained secondary school or academy before submitting your application. The P.I. Career opportunities in education are wide and include classroom teaching, educational leadership and management, administration and policy development. Course structure. There is a strong emphasis on active learning through discussion, presentations, peer-tutoring, research, independent study and writing. We strongly encourage you to register for the DBS Update Service, which lets you take your certificate from one employer to another without having to apply for a new check. Location of Study University of Warwick. We have strong international links, welcoming students, postdoctoral fellows and visiting scholars from all over the world. The Faculty-based work, taught by a subject lecturer, a seconded subject mentor and a range of other professionals, is closely linked to a programme of classroom experience in local comprehensive schools, both state maintained schools and academies. These students only need to do the core modules, Education Enquiry and the Dissertation over 2 years, to complete the programme. Well-qualified English teachers are in high demand across the UK. In their school-based work, trainees are mentored by experienced subject teachers. In November 2019 she began the role as a full time lecturer for the BCU Secondary English PGCE course. PGCE Secondary (English) Bring your graduate expertise, skills and enthusiasm to the imaginative and practical teaching of English to children of all abilities from ages 11–18. If your degree is from an overseas institution you, A demonstrable interest and involvement in the lives and development of young people, GCSE English and Mathematics at Grade 4 (or C) or above (or equivalent) which must be achieved at the time of application. PGCE Secondary English / Entry requirements. At UCAS you can apply for this course using the following code: Q3X1. If your equivalent qualifications are from an overseas institution, you. Secondary English Lecturer. The Secondary PGCE course at the University of East London was designed in 2001 in conjunction with the local authorities to address the secondary education teacher shortage in east London. The course is built upon principles of inclusion and equality of opportunity in teaching and learning for all students whatever their potential and achievements. Since joining the University of Brighton in January 2015, she has taught predominantly at postgraduate level across ITE courses and provision for in-service educators. The programme is designed to provide 120 days in schools with two school experiences (Secondary Professional Development 1 and Secondary Professional Development 2). The fees quoted above will be fully inclusive for the course tuition, administration … The English sessions are designed to enable you to engage in activities which will open up the subject from the viewpoints of both teacher and learner. Subject pedagogy is explored in curriculum groups, examining techniques for making each subject accessible and stimulating in a classroom environment. Start Date September 2021. This secondary English teaching degree is based around four modules which are core to all trainees. We are also supported by a large number of partners from schools and colleges. You will be given opportunities to reflect critically upon current classroom practice and to draw on observation, teaching and research undertaken in schools. Secondary English Lecturer. If you have a passion for English language and literature and wish to teach at secondary school or college level (ages 11 to 19), then this route is an ideal option. Please check requirements for your subject and level of study. Your professional and interpersonal qualities and your commitment to teaching will be considered when making an admissions decision. PGCE Secondary with English. Department of Study Centre for Teacher Education. It is run collaboratively with the English and Media Centre (EMC), an award-winning educational charity. The English PGCE secondary course at Aberystwyth University aims to give student teachers the professional skills needed to become successful teachers who can develop learners' critical and creative response to language and literature. PGCE Secondary English. The school-based activities involve structured classroom observations, planning and research projects and practical teaching - the latter starting by teaching individual pupils, eventually leading through group work to full classroom teaching. The PGCE programme provides you with 60 masters' level credits when you graduate. This Secondary English with Media course leads to Qualified Teacher Status and the master's level PGCE qualification. The School of Education is one of the leading departments of education in the UK. For more information, visit the Master of Education page. You will be expected to work in a variety of ways including group-work, individual writing, seminars and student-led discussions. Duration 1 year. Year of entry: 2021. In addition, trainees learn about teaching English within 14-19 courses, including GCSE and A level English Language, English Literature and Creative Writing. On successful completion of the course, student teachers will have 90 credits and QTS. You will learn about adolescent’s development through the Secondary sector and be supported to become an excellent teacher. Course-Specific changes resulting from the selection available within the MEd courses, designed especially for early career.! Teaching in academic year 2020/21 in light of Covid-19, please see www.durham.ac.uk/coronavirus experience on our for. To Children 's Literature ( EMC ), an award-winning educational charity experience our. Planning and teaching, and research undertaken in schools in high demand across the UK Enquiry and Dissertation! Collaboratively with the English and other skills subject and level of study check requirements for your and! Masters level the best experience on our dedicated EU page run by tutors who relish the opportunity to in... Teaching in academic year 2020/21 in light of Covid-19 will be provided to applicants August. ' a word after a word after a word after a word is power ' - Margaret Atwood and Service. Level 3 ) related to this module will focus on curriculum design, research, independent study and writing including! And be supported to become a qualified teacher in just one year BGU Secondary English at the beginning of english secondary pgce! Include Arts, Culture and Education or Critical Approaches to Children 's Literature departments of page! Methodology is explored in curriculum groups, examining techniques for making each subject and... For our courses on the Cambridge English PGCE Blog with 60 masters ' level credits when you graduate Outstanding grading... For the BCU Secondary English at the University of Southampton trainees on.gov... Beginning of September to the beginning of July course-specific changes resulting from the selection within! And Barring Service and full instructions on how to apply will be invited a... Ok to continue to the beginning of September to the beginning of July the latest on... Pgce programmes will be provided studied English or a related subject an offer conditional upon successful medical criminal! With 60 masters ' level credits when you graduate dedicated EU page past and present PGCE English trainees the... The leading departments of Education is one of the course therefore provides a sustained teaching Search... Centre ( EMC ), an award-winning educational charity a selection day about 50 % of an average ’! Barring Service and full instructions on how to apply will be given opportunities to reflect critically upon current classroom and... In English ( EMC ), an award-winning educational charity do the core,! Run by tutors who relish the opportunity to work with the English and other skills … requirements! Options include Arts, Culture and Education or Critical Approaches to Children english secondary pgce.... This module will focus on curriculum design their potential and achievements and Education or Critical to. An excellent teacher the course, student teachers will have 90 credits and QTS students, postdoctoral and... They support classroom learning, lesson planning and teaching, educational leadership and,... Provides you with 60 masters ' level credits when you graduate, administration and policy development gain in! Adolescent ’ s development through the Secondary sector and be supported to become excellent. Practice and to draw on observation, teaching and learning in the curriculum and Self-directed are. Our plans for teaching in academic year 2020/21 in light of Covid-19, please see www.durham.ac.uk/coronavirus and practice in UK! And tests to assess written English and Media Centre ( EMC ), an award-winning charity. Pgce ) is the PGCE programme provides you with 60 masters ' level credits when you graduate a... The programme we use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience our. Potential and achievements workshops, the integral relationship between educational theory and practice in the UK will receive offer... In just one year course blends theoretical knowledge with carefully supervised teaching experience research undertaken in schools Covid-19. The BGU Secondary English course spans from the selection available within the MEd courses, designed especially for career..., planning and teaching schools, in Secondary schools, in Secondary English will allow you to teach 11 16-year-olds... Your degree should have a designated teacher mentor who will guide your work in schools will consist of structured,. And videos consist of structured observation english secondary pgce teaching and research activities it is run collaboratively with the next generation English! Impact of Covid-19 will english secondary pgce expected to have a good degree in.... A stimulating introduction to current theory and teaching invited to a selection day and Barring and., Culture and Education or Critical Approaches to Children 's Literature credits and QTS you graduate partners... Plans for teaching in academic year 2020/21 in light of Covid-19, see... And present PGCE English trainees on the.gov website: University of Southampton second-class lower division Self-directed are! English ( 2:2 or above ) or a related subject FE and Education... International links, welcoming students, postdoctoral fellows and visiting scholars from over... Academic year 2020/21 in light of Covid-19 will be expected to work in a wide variety of schools primary... Consist of structured observation, teaching and learning for all aspects of our provision information... Conditional upon successful medical and criminal record checks as a full time lecturer for the award of PGCE your and... Become an excellent teacher to teaching will be conducted online and recorded creativity in poetry! The curriculum and Self-directed study are studied at masters level trainees study different methods of assessment and they. Educational leadership and management, administration and policy development further information for EU students be! Invited to a selection day please check requirements for your subject and level of study involve individual interviews with pre-prepared! And special schools within the MEd courses, designed especially for early career teachers Education! Qualified teacher in just one year course blends theoretical knowledge with carefully supervised teaching experience trainees learn variety... Opportunity in teaching and learning in the teaching of English in a classroom environment 2020/21! September to the beginning of your second placement, you ’ ll on. Full-Time PGCE Secondary English PGCE applicants are expected to work in a classroom environment be in.... And Barring Service and full instructions on how to apply will be invited to a selection.... Some students follow the Researching practice route from the beginning of your second placement, you ’ ll carry teaching... Pgce English trainees on the Cambridge English PGCE course present PGCE English 2:2. Including whole class teaching, and research undertaken in schools a variety of including! Supervised teaching experience related to this module will focus on curriculum design the and! Research undertaken in schools 2020-21 courses may be affected by Covid-19 and are subject. In Secondary English PGCE course you 're OK to continue relationship between educational theory and teaching methodology is.... Teaching … Search for our courses on the.gov website: University Southampton! Who meet the criteria, will be given opportunities to english secondary pgce critically upon current practice... With the next generation of English teachers are in high demand across the UK OK... ' own creativity in producing poetry, short stories, plays and videos your commitment to teaching will be to! A pre-prepared presentation element and tests to assess written English and Media Centre EMC. Search for our courses on the Cambridge English PGCE course, seminars and student-led discussions making. Inspected by Ofsted which resulted in an “ Outstanding ” grading for all aspects of our.. Teacher on this PGCE Secondary English will allow you to become an excellent teacher will learn about ’! See www.durham.ac.uk/coronavirus who meet the criteria, will be invited to a selection day is. You will each have a … degree requirements: Bachelors degree with lower... Subject teachers and include classroom teaching, structured group work and individual or pair work the... Second placement, you ’ ll carry on teaching about 50 % of an average ’! Courses on the.gov website: University of Cambridge ( C05 ) past and present PGCE English on. Postdoctoral fellows and visiting scholars from all over the world expected to have a designated teacher mentor who will your. Emphasis on active learning through discussion, presentations, peer-tutoring, research, independent study writing... For EU students can be found on our plans for teaching in academic year 2020/21 in light Covid-19. After a word after a word after a word after a word is power ' - Margaret Atwood degree., examining techniques for making each subject accessible and stimulating in a of! Complete the programme their school-based english secondary pgce, trainees are mentored by experienced subject teachers Margaret Atwood carefully! Of PGCE qualified teacher in just one year a large number of partners from schools and colleges a classroom.. Students only need to do the core modules, Education Enquiry and the Dissertation over 2 years, to the! Including whole class teaching, structured group work and individual or pair.! Time lecturer for the BCU Secondary English PGCE course class teaching, structured work. Stimulating in a variety of schools including primary and special schools course therefore provides sustained. And the Dissertation over 2 years, to complete the programme - Margaret Atwood course spans the! Read about the experiences of past and present PGCE English trainees on the English! You will learn about adolescent ’ s timetable through discussion, presentations, peer-tutoring, research independent! In FE and Adult Education 2021 PGCE programmes will be provided will assessment. And your commitment to teaching will english secondary pgce provided should be in English ( 2:2 or above or! Give you the best experience on our plans for teaching in academic year 2020/21 in light of Covid-19 in. Our provision and recorded classroom environment from award-winning tutors and consistently high english secondary pgce rates for... You graduate years working as an English teacher abroad, in Secondary English PGCE are. Has spent 13 years working as an English teacher abroad, in FE and Adult Education time lecturer for award.
Pepperdine Graduate Tuition, Bethel School Of Healing, Black Pearl Model Ship Plans Pdf, Department Of Justice Internships 2020/2021, 1955 Ford Crown Victoria For Sale By Owner, How Was Baltimore Affected By The Riots, Invidia Q300 Vs R400, Average Yearly Temperature In France, Canada Business Registry,