– Smith, W. H. “The Portuguese in Malacca during the Dutch period” in: STUDIA N° 7 pp. Bibliography of Dutch Colonial History 17th-18th century, Ceylon (Sri Lanka). One of the most important highways of trade in the pre-modern world was the Strait of Malacca. They include Indians, Arabs, Persians, and other Europeans. The Malays were confident of a victory with the help of the Dutch, thus regaining the Malacca throne. In 1722 the Bugis captured the port of Riau and the whole Kingdom of Johore. Within years, news about Malacca becoming a centre of trade and commerce began to spread all over the eastern part of the world. List of Dutch colonial forts and possessions, South East Asia and the Far East. This treaty enabled the Dutch to impose their control on this area: Linggi and Rembau were ceded to the VOC. Malacca’s decline was also due to the fact that, while under the Portuguese rule the city was only behind Goa the main Portuguese base in the east. Malacca trade was flourishing, but a new sea power appeared on the scene: the British. 20 A very interesting paper with various information on the numerical and ethnical composition of Dutch Malacca. List of Portuguese colonial forts and possessions, The Portuguese in Bassein (Baçaim, Vasai): the ruins of a Portuguese town in India, The Spanish Presence in the Moluccas: Ternate and Tidore, Portuguese Empire: Africa, America and Asia maps, The Russians in America: Alaska and California, A Portuguese fort in Madagascar: the fort near Tolanaro, The Portuguese in the Moluccas: Ternate and Tidore, Tidore: The Spanish forts on the island of Tidore, 1606-1663, South East Asia and in Far East Asia. In 1759 the fort of Linggi was also abandoned. However, the Malacca Sultanate would not last, as the newly powerful Portugal conquered the kingdom in 1511 and began a centuries-long period of European domination. Because of the city’s long and varied past, there are as many different ways to spell Malacca, you will see most commonly Malacca and Melaka. Of course, the argument is the colonial history and everything connected to it. Bibliography of Dutch Colonial History 17th-18th century, Arabia and Persian Gulf. Christ Church in … They traded glassware, camphor, cotton goods, brocades, ivory, sandalwood, perfume, and precious stones. Financial market analysis and financial data for major energy companies. After a nice delicious lunch, let's go for a little … Nearly one-third of the 61% of total global petroleum and other liquids production that moved on maritime routes in 2015 transited the Strait of Malacca, the second-largest oil trade chokepoint in the world after the Strait of Hormuz. Small boats moored at Port Kelang harbour, Malaysia, on the Strait of Malacca. It is the shortest sea route between Persian Gulf suppliers and key Asian markets. Their leader Daeng Kamboja made Linggi his base and from October 1756 till July 1757 besieged Dutch Malacca. Kunlun or Malay sailors were known in China by the third century BC, and there is evidence that had begun to settle along East African coast by the first century CE. A counter visit to China in 1411 Posted by: Marco Ramerini Early traders from Arabia, Africa, Persia, and the Southern Indian kingdoms reached Kedah before arriving at Guangzhou. State energy information, including overviews, rankings, data, and analyses. one Edited by Kernial Singh Sandhu, Paul Wheatley. Energy use in homes, commercial buildings, manufacturing, and transportation. Founded by a martial prince generations prior, Malacca flourished from the trade between China and the Middle East, its location was such that the single narrow body of water it commanded–a narrow strait buttressed by Sumatra–kept its name. A pocket history to the oldest of the cosmopolitan entrepôt city states in Malaysia, includes a series of illustrations from colonial times to the present. Author and Copyright Marco Ramerini. Indian, Arab, and European merchants regularly visited there, and the Portuguese realized enormous profits from the especially lucrative spice trade that passed through the port. 159-189. The Melaka Sultanate occupies a special position in the history of Malaysia. Straits Settlements, former British crown colony on the Strait of Malacca, comprising four trade centres, Penang, Singapore, Malacca, and Labuan, established or taken over by the British East India Company.The British settlement at Penang was founded in 1786, at Singapore in 1819; Malacca, occupied by the British during the Napoleonic Wars, was transferred to the East India Company in 1824. The Strait of Malacca is also an important transit route for liquefied natural gas (LNG) from Persian Gulf and African suppliers, particularly Qatar, to East Asian countries with growing LNG demand. It is the oldest still functioning Christian church in Malaysia. From the 1750s they traded tin with Riau and in 1781 they occupied the Dutch outpost Perak. The founder and first ruler of Malacca, Paramesvara (d. 1424, Malacca), a Sumatran prince who had fled his native Palembang under Javanese attack, established himself briefly in Tumasik (now … My e-mail is at the bottom of the page. For this reason a Dutch outpost was established from 1670 to 1690 at Teluk Gedung on pulau Pangkor. – Andaya, Leonard Yuzon “The Kingdom of Johore 1641-1728: a study of economic and political developments on the Straits of Malacca” 458 pp. Regional energy information including dashboards, maps, data, and analyses. Malacca is famous for its unique history and is one of the major tourist destinations in Malaysia. Malacca rose from a humble fishing village to become a major center of the spice trade forming a vital link between the East and the West. Boasting a good blend of historic attractions – from the salmon-pink Stadhuys to the Jonker Walk Night Market – Malacca is also home to a smorgasbord of great food. Bibliography of Dutch Colonial History 17th-18th century, The Dutch East India Company: VOC (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie), Map of Dutch settlements in Guyana and Suriname 1600-1750, The Dutch in Formosa 1624-1662, 1664-1668, Index of the Journal of the Dutch Burgher Union of Ceylon, Dutch and Portuguese remains in Sri Lanka: forts and churches, The Dutch Burghers of Sri Lanka. List of Dutch forts and colonial possessions, North America. 177-207 Also in: “The age of partnership, Europeans in Asia before dominion” Honolulu, 1979, pp. Finally I am passionate about astronomy. The only importance of Malacca for the Dutch was that it was situated on a very strategic point and they did not want Malacca to fall into the hands of any other European power; this is why the Dutch remained. After the Dutch conquest of the Sultanate of Makassar several groups of Bugis emigrated from Makassar (Sulawesi) and settled near Malacca in the 1710s. In the year 1509 the first Portuguese trading expedition, commanded by Diego Lopez de Sequiera , … 1 (1936) pp 1-176. The rise in importance of Malacca in the 16th century and beyond was the result of local elites and their ability to mobilize trading networks and the arrival of enterprising Chinese who became merchants, miners, and general traders. The Sultanate of Johore (the Dutch ally during the siege of Portuguese Malacca) took advantage of all this by opening his seaport of Riau (an Indonesian island near Singapore) to all ships and to all types of commerce. Come test out some of the products still in development and let us know what you think! | Contact: The forts of the Saint-Martin island: Fort Amsterdam and Fort Louis, St Thomas Fort, Tangasseri or Thangassery, Kerala, India, Sri Lanka Burgher Family Genealogy: Andree/Abernethy, The Forts of the Spice Islands of Indonesia, Today, The Dutch West India Company. In raw terms, passage through the Straits of Malacca amounts to around ... possible that India would not be comfortable with a major Chinese capability located in the area to protect its trade route. U.S. During the 16th century Malacca developed into the most important trading port in Southeast Asia. Malacca was too important for the VOC strategies, as the city was situated on the main trade route to the Far East (Spices islands, China and Japan) and was a formidable strategic outpost. The Strait of Malacca is the shortest shipping route between the Far East and the Indian Ocean. 195-241. Malacca History Dubbed Malaysia’s unofficial historic capital, Malacca – declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2008 – is one of the country’s most unassuming states. The same year agreements were concluded with the peninsular Kingdoms of Nanning, Rembau and Perak. Energy & Financial Markets: What Drives Crude Oil Prices? Porta De Santiago. Malacca City (Malay: Bandaraya Melaka or Kota Melaka), is the capital city of the Malaysian state of Malacca.As of 2019 it has a population of 579,000. – Hayes Hoyt, Sarnia “Old Malacca” xii, 84 pages, 16 pp. Send your feedback to, Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS). Some became domiciled in ports such as Melaka [formerly Malacca], the location of one of the earliest local sultanates (c.1402 A.D.) and a focal point for both local and international trade. Southeast Asia scholars see the founding of Sultanate Melaka as port and polity in 1402/03 facilitating a centralization of trade after the vacuum created by the polycentric Srivijaya empire’s decline which had fragmented the related Bay of Bengal world between 1300 and 1400. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, Cornell University, 1971, – Arasaratnam, S. “Dutch commercial policy and interests in the Malay peninsula, 1750-1795” In: “An Expanding World” Vol. Exactly 508 years ago a thriving city on the western coast of the Malay Peninsula became the axis upon which history spun toward a new direction. Photographer. Reports requested by congress or otherwise deemed important. Principal contributors: Lejla Villar, Mason Hamilton, Tags: The History of Trincomalee (Sri Lanka) during Portuguese and Dutch rule, Trincomalee: The first British occupation and the definitive Dutch surrender, Trincomalee: The consolidation of the Dutch presence, Trincomalee: The new Dutch occupation and the reconstruction of the Fort, Trincomalee: The Dutch conquest and the abandonment of the Fort, Trincomalee: The arrival of the Danes, the Dutch and the construction of the Portuguese Fort, The History of Trincomalee during Portuguese and Dutch rule: Introduction, The Dutch Fort of Galle in Sri Lanka (Ceylon), The Fort of Malacca: Portuguese-Dutch Fortress of Malacca (Melaka), Flor de la Mar (Flor do Mar), 1511. As a bustling international trading port, Malacca emerged as a centre for Islamic learning and dissemination, and encouraged the development of the Malay language, literature and arts. After the capture the Dutch set up a government. The Strait of Malacca, which flows between Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, connects the Indian Ocean with the Pacific Ocean through the South China Sea. Yet in the summer of 1511 a small fleet of Portuguese carracks blockaded its port and effected a siege. To prevent a British occupation the Dutch attacked Riau and on 29 October 1784 the Bugis were defeated. Malacca was as a major player in the spice trade, serving as a gateway between the Spice Islands and high-paying Eurasian markets. Ships have passed through it for centuries, and trading posts grew up from an early stage, which simultaneously became centres of education, science and art. The rise of Malacca was the monsoon winds that enabled Arabian and Indian traders from the west to travel to China in the east and vice versa. The biggest importers of LNG in the region are Japan and South Korea. Includes hydropower, solar, wind, geothermal, biomass and ethanol. A detailed historical research. It is still the oldest functioning Christian church in Malaysia. A shipwrecked Portuguese Galleon, The abortive expedition of Don Juan de Silva against the Dutch in the East Indies (1612-1616), Recife Forts: Fort do Brum, Fort das Cinco Pontas, Recife: the capital of sugar cane of Colonial Brazil, Fort Orange (Oranje), Itamaracá: a Dutch fortress in Brazil, Dutch in Chile: Hendrick Brouwer’s expedition to Valdivia, Dutch New York: The Dutch settlements in North America, Dutch and Courlanders on Tobago. Where do we go from here ? Kedah provided accommodations, porters, small vessels, bamboo rafts, elephants, as well as tax collections fo… List of Portuguese colonial forts and possessions, List of Danish colonial forts and possessions, The French in Brazil: Saint-Alexis, France Antarctique (Rio de Janeiro), Ipiapaba and Sao Luís do Maranhão, Russian presence in Hawaii. Yin Qing's visit opened the way for the establishment of friendly relations between Malacca and China. Uranium fuel, nuclear reactors, generation, spent fuel. The purpose of the fort was to collect taxes from the tin that was transported from Linggi, Rembau and Kelang Selangor. It has been a strategic trading post for the incredibly profitable spice trade for nearly a thousand years, and hotly contested, changing hands many times throughout history. English text revision by Dietrich Köster. List of Dutch colonial forts and possessions, Africa. Bibliography of Dutch Colonial History 17th-18th century, Indonesia. List of Dutch colonial forts and possessions, Sri Lanka (Ceylon). In 1660 even the factory established at Ujung Salang was abandoned. The history of the Sultanate of Malacca every year (1402-1528). If you want to publish a study with regard to the geographical discoveries or colonialism, please contact me I will be happy to post it on Colonialvoyage. EIA's free and open data available as API, Excel add-in, bulk files, and widgets. Of all the traders who came to Malacca the Gujarati were most important, for their port of Cambay in western India was the major link between the trade of eastern Asia and the trade of Europe. This fort was reoccupied by the Dutch in 1746 and later the same year the fort was moved upstream to Tanjung Putus. p. 195-241. several maps The history of the fort of Malacca during the Portuguese and Dutch time. Melaka History. But this was not the Dutch aim. Walk Up to St. Paul's Church and to the Famosa Fort. In the 1720s a new power appeared on the scene: the Bugis. Index: The occupation of the Straits of Malacca 1636-1639, the siege and the capture of Malacca 1640-1641, commissary Justus Schouten’s report of his visit to Malacca 1641. From the 1750s they traded tin with Riau and in 1781 they occupied the Dutch outpost Perak. Reserves, production, prices, employment and productivity, distribution, stocks, imports and exports. List of Dutch colonial forts and possessions, Arabia and Persian Gulf. Maps by energy source and topic, includes forecast maps. Malacca trade was flourishing, but a new sea power appeared on the scene: the British. The Strait of Malacca became an important maritime trade route between India and China. He was the last ruler of ancient Singapore who was of Malay origin. However, to the contrary, the VOC wanted the monopoly for all goods. One of the most important highways of trade in the pre-modern world was the Strait of Malacca. Short, timely articles with graphics on energy, facts, issues, and trends. Then in 1786 a British base was established in Penang. Bordered on its northern side by the Malay Peninsula and on the southern side by the island of Sumatra, it was the main connection between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. Forms EIA uses to collect energy data including descriptions, links to survey instructions, and additional information. In 1405, Yongle Emperor of Ming Dynasty (r. 1402–1424) sent his envoy headed by Yin Qing to Malacca. – Ketelaars, Toine “Living apart together – Ethnic Diversity in Dutch Malacca 1640-1690” pp. In 1746 the Sultan of Johore gave the Siak Kingdom to the VOC as a gift. In the 1650s a great imposing building, the Stadthuys, is built by the Dutch as the administrative centre and home of the Governor of Malacca. map, Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1995, Athens, Ohio, USA. The British give Bencoolen on Sumatra to the Dutch and Malacca was given to the British. All rights reserved. The birthplace of the Malay Sultanates and Malaysia’s historic city, Melaka provided the stage on which the Portuguese, Dutch and English played out their roles in shaping the history. In the 1700s Johore was a powerful force on the Straits. Other ethnic groups also contributed to making Malacca a cosmopolitan port. They were and are the main ethnic group of the south-western coastal region of Sulawesi (Celebes). www.colonialvoyage.com © Copyright 1998-2020, All Rights Reserved. History. During the period of Dutch rule Malacca had a garrison of usually less than 550 Dutchmen. Dutch Colonial Remains 16th-18th centuries, Oceania. The Bugis developed not only the port of Riau but also that of Selangor (north of Malacca). To prevent a British occupation the Dutch attacked Riau and on 29 October 1784 the Bugis were defeated. List of Portuguese colonial forts and possessions. List of Dutch colonial forts and possessions, Central America. Bernard Pierre Wolff/Photo Researchers Nearly one-third of the 61% of total global petroleum and other liquids production that moved on maritime routes in 2015 transited the Strait of Malacca, the second-largest oil trade chokepoint in the world after the Strait of Hormuz. Development of new trading cities Development of new trading cities Trading cities played an important role in the spread of goods on the Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade routes. – Lewis, Dianne “Jan compagnie in the Straits of Malacca 1641-1795” 176 pp. Malacca trade quickly declined after the Dutch conquest. Bibliography of Dutch Colonial History 17th-18th century, Africa. Index; Live Quotes; Trade History; My Account; Portfolio On 14 January 1641 the Dutch took possession from the Portuguese of the fortress of Malacca with the help of their ally the Sultan of Johore. one, edited by Kernial Singh Sandhu, Paul Wheatley, pp. There are no specific guidelines. Bibliography of Dutch Colonial History 17th-18th century, India. In Perak the Dutch fort was reoccupied. This web site was first on line on 3 October 1998 (at geocities.com as "Dutch Portuguese Colonial History"). I designed some internet sites including the www.colonialvoyage.com site dedicated to the history of geographical exploration and colonialism. On the Malay Peninsula Johore, Selangore, Perak, Trengganu and Pahang became Dutch territories. The capital, Malacca, was for a brief period in the 13th to 14th century one of the greatest trading cities in the world, and it is today a city of remarkable historical and cultural interest. Fortified with thick walls, … The oil portion of the pipeline was completed in August 2014, and it is now operational at full capacity. List of Dutch colonial forts and possessions, Asia. Subscribe to feeds for updates on EIA products including Today in Energy and What's New. – Leupe, P.A. They returned between December and May. I research and write about history. Copyright © 1998-2020. Midway along the straits that linked China to India and the Near East, Malacca was perfectly positioned as a center for maritime trade. 25,517 Views. Index: The Dutch conquest and its aftermath, the crisis with Johor 1700-1718, the Dutch company and the Bugis opting for neutrality, Dutch alliance with Malays, neutrality revisited, neutrality abandoned: the Dutch capture of Riau, the VOC’s “forward movement” in the Straits of Malacca. – Harrison, Brian ” Holding the Fort: Melaka Under Two Flags, 1795-1845″ xiv, 148pp. It heralded the golden age of Malay sultanates in the archipelago, in which Classical Malay became the lingua franca of the Maritime Southeast Asia and Jawi script became the primary medium for cultural, religious and … Written by Marco Ramerini. On 9 April 1825 the Dutch ceded Malacca. As well as many other travel sites in different languages. Under the Dutch Batavia was the main Eastern base of the VOC and the company had no interest in developing Malacca’s trade to the detriment of that of Batavia. On the 1st of January 1758 this fort was the site where the treaty between the Bugis and the Dutch was signed. The ruler decided to make this place a permanent settlement and named it ‘Melaka… The VOC was truly dominant in the Straits. Malacca trade was flourishing, but a new sea power appeared on the scene: the British. Merchants from both these regions, Arabs, Indians and Chinese regularly visited. 87-106, 1961, Lisbon, Portugal. Petroleum and other liquids transiting the Strait of Malacca increased for the fourth time in the past five years in 2016, reaching 16 million barrels per day (b/d). A short time after the conquest of Malacca the Dutch made trading agreements with several states of the Malay Peninsula to obtain tin (Kedah 1642, Ujung Salang 1643, Bangkeri 1645, Perak). Sign up for email subcriptions to receive messages about specific EIA products. A good book on Malacca/Dutch history. Russian forts and settlements in Hawaii, Arguin: A Portuguese Fortress in Mauritania 1445-1633, West Africa. Greenhouse gas data, voluntary reporting, electric power plant emissions. The Strait of Malacca is the primary chokepoint in Asia, and in recent years, between 85% and 90% of annual total petroleum flows through this chokepoint were crude oil. Dutch Colonial Remains 16th-18th centuries, Africa. Exploration and reserves, storage, imports and exports, production, prices, sales. By the 1660s the trade in Dutch Malacca was in decline and the relations with the Malay states had deteriorated as well. List of Dutch colonial forts and possessions, South America. It’s one of the most historical sites in all of Malacca. In 1818 after the Napoleonic Wars Malacca is restored by the British to the Dutch under the Treaty of Vienna. The Dutch had treaties with the Johore Sultans to get rid of the Portuguese. Portuguese land title dilemma” vi+89 pp. In 1758 on Pulau Gontong at the mouth of Siak river the Dutch built a fort to control the tin trade, but later in 1765 the fort was abandoned, the good relations between Siak and the VOC no longer needing such a defence facility. Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions at the State Level, 2005-2016, Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions at the State Level, through 2017, State Energy Data System: Motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, and fuel ethanol through 2019, State Energy Portal: Updated Analyses and Quick Facts, Monthly Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production ›, Midwest and Rocky Mountain Transportation Fuels Markets, East Coast and Gulf Coast Transportation Fuels Markets, The Strait of Malacca, a key oil trade chokepoint, links the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Kedah served as a western port on the Malay Peninsula. Tools to customize searches, view specific data sets, study detailed documentation, and access time-series data. During their rule the fa… If the Strait of Malacca were blocked, nearly half of the world's shipping fleet would be required to reroute around the Indonesian archipelago, such as through the Lombok Strait between the Indonesian islands of Bali and Lombok or through the Sunda Strait between the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra. Melaka (Malacca) is rich with history. The capital, Malacca, was for a brief period in the 13th to 14th century one of the greatest trading cities in the world, and it is today a city of remarkable historical and cultural interest. These traders sailed to Kedah via the monsoonwinds between June and November. Marco Ramerini: Contact: e-mail voyage@colonialvoyage.com, Web site dedicated to Arnold van Wickeren, Dutch Malacca (1750), Malaysia. 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